The science of literary criticism, whether the Bible is bad or not.
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Why even consider the books of the Bible? “Now we have heard. I have heard many questions and statements about the Torah, the Psalms and the Bible, including books or the Bible.
This question is very important, as we have heard about the Bible. Most of all, it was written over two thousand years ago. Most printers, duplicates or printers are not currently available. Thus, the original manuscripts were copied, passed down from generation to generation, languages disappeared, new eras were created, territories were disintegrated, and new works were created. Since no original copies have been made, how do we know that what we read in the Bible today was written by the first prophets? Is there a scientific or rational reason for what we read today?
Basic Principles in Writing Criticism
Most people who ask this question are unaware that there is a scientific poem called literary criticism and we can answer these questions.
It is a scientific poem and is suitable for any ancient text. This article discusses two basic principles that have been used in literary commentary and then applied to the Bible. To do this, we begin with statistics that show that any ancient script is expected over time.
The timeline explains how all the ancient books came to us today.
This painting is dated to 500 BC. It illustrates the book. However, it does not last forever, so the MSS was created, destroyed, or damaged after the original copy.
A group of experts are called copywriters. Over the years, copies have been made (both second and third versions).
Sometimes the copy is kept as it is today (third copy).
This is a copy of our model from A.D. 500. This means that we first find out about the condition of the book after AD 500. Therefore, the time is about 500 to 500 BC (posted on the chart x), and we cannot check any duplicate copies because all the manuscripts of that period are missing.
For example, if the first edition is corrupted while the second is in use, we cannot find them, because none of these documents can be compared.
This is the time before the current version (x number) of text uncertainty, when corruption can occur.
Therefore, the first principle of text criticism is that the x distance is shorter, we can rely on it more reliably to protect the document, because the uncertainties are shorter.
Of course, now there is usually a manuscript copy of the document. Suppose we have two manuscripts, each with the following sentence (not really English, but I will explain the principle using English)
It represents dynamic reading (one "young" and the other "John"), but in many manuscripts it is difficult to determine which is wrong.
The original author wrote about John or John, and there is another error in these manuscripts. The question is who is wrong? This decision is very difficult based on the evidence available.
Suppose we now have two more similar manuscripts, as shown below.
Now it is easy to determine which version is wrong. The same error can occur only once, not three times, so there may be a duplicate error in MSS # 2, which the author writes about John, not John.
"John" is spoiled.
This simple statement illustrates the second principle of literary criticism:
Literary commentary on history books.
So now we have two principles which are scientific literary criticisms used to judge the authenticity of any old manuscript. Count the number of copies.
Since these principles apply to all ancient writings, we can apply them to the Bible and other ancient books, as described in the table below (McDowell, J. Determining the Claim, p. 1979, pp. 42-48). .
This is Me?
The New Testament certainly has more support than any other ancient text we can actually measure (the number of existing MSSs and the time difference between MSS and previous MSS).
The decision that motivated the evidence is best presented in the following verse.
To doubt the New Testament is to let all the ancient times go into darkness, for no other ancient document is as biblical as the New Testament. "Montgomery, History and Christianity. 1971, page 29
If we question the authenticity of the Bible for its permanence, we can omit what we know of classical history - and no one was a historian.
We know that languages and kingdoms have come and gone since the advent of the ancient MSS and the text of the Bible has not changed.
For example, since we have the manuscripts before Constantine and the Pope, and the text of all these ancient manuscripts is the same, we know that no pope or Roman Emperor Constantine changed the Bible.
The manuscripts used to translate the Bible date back to the time of the Prophet Muhammad, and it is important to note that they found the Bible in their time, as we know from the manuscripts that it has not changed since . .
This will be seen in the next schedule, when the sources of the manuscripts used to translate the modern Bible will be seen first.
The modern Bible was translated from the original manuscripts, most of which were between 100 and 300 AD. These precepts are from Constantinople or other religious political forces and the Prophet Muhammad.
In the end, neither time nor Christian leaders distorted the original ideas and messages contained in the original text of the Book or the Bible.
From the thousands of original manuscripts we have today, we can be sure that he read them correctly. The science of textual criticism confirms the validity of the Bible.
Literary Criticism in University Education
I recently had the opportunity to give a public talk on the subject at the University of Western Ontario in Canada. Below is a 17 minute video of the class covering this question.
So far we have only seen the New Testament textual critique - the Gospel. But what about the Torah and the Psalms - the Old Testament? In the next 7-minute video, I summarize the principles of Old Testament literary criticism.
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